Evaluation of Tuberose (Agave amica Medik.) Cultivars under Gangetic Region of Bihar

Abstract

A study was conducted from April, 2024 to March, 2025 at Bihar Agricultural University, Sabour, Bihar, India to evaluate eighteen tuberose genotypes for their vegetative, floral, and bulb yield traits under subtropical conditions. Tuberose (Agave amica (Medik.)), an economically important ornamental bulbous plant in the family Asparagaceae, is extensively cultivated for its fragrant white flowers, which are used in both the loose and cut flower markets, as well as in the perfume industry for essential oil extraction. The experiment followed a Randomized Block Design (RBD) with three replications. The observations were systematically recorded on various vegetative, floral, and reproductive parameters. Significant variability was observed among the evaluated tuberose genotypes for both vegetative and floral traits, indicating the presence of considerable genetic diversity. The genotypes Prajwal and GKTC-4 exhibited superior performance with respect to plant height, spike length, rachis length, and number of florets per spike. While Arka Nirantra recorded the highest bulb production per hill, demonstrating its potential for use in large-scale propagation and commercial multiplication programs. Earliness-related traits were also distinct across genotypes, with Pearl Double showing the earliest sprouting of bulbs, while Hyderabad Single attained the earliest spike emergence and flowering. Genotypes excelling in floral traits may be targeted for cut-flower and loose-flower markets, whereas those with higher bulb multiplication capacity may serve as valuable resources for propagation, varietal improvement, and germplasm conservation. The identified genotypes offer potential for targeted use in floriculture and breeding programs aimed at enhancing yield and quality traits in tuberose.